Correlation of Rare Earth Element (REEs) content in Turkey and World, and contribution of Rare Earth Elements to nano technology

Abstract

Rare earth elements come from the word unconventional rather than exactly rare, and there is a misnomer. The concentrations of the more abundant REEs in the earth's crust are similar to those of ordinary industrial metals such as chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tin, tungsten or lead. In fact, some REEs are almost 200 times more abundant than gold. However, REEs are more difficult to obtain from ore deposits as concentrates, unlike ordinary base and precious metals. As a result, REEs obtained in the world are obtained from very few sources. Differences in individual REE abundances within the Earth's upper continental crust are represented by the superposition of both nuclear and geological effects. The Rare Earth Elements (REE) deposits and mineralization of Turkey can be divided into four types based on their geological setting and origin.  These are deposits associated with carbonatite alkaline magmatic rocks,   Triassic shales - the bauxites formed, the placer type and phosphorites. Although these rocks are home to the world's largest resources, it is an important issue that needs to be studied carefully for the country's economy, as there has not been enough work done in Turkey yet. In recent years, rare earth elements (REE) have become an essential part of advanced industries. Rare earth elements are used both in industries such as nuclear, metallurgy, chemical, catalytic, electrical, magnetic and optics, and in many futuristic industries such as lasers, fluorescent lamps, atomic batteries, motor turbines and super-magnets. However, its widespread use in these industries causes problems to enough obtain REE in geologic resources. Scientists are using nanotechnology to develop nano-cellulose that can effectively recover REE using a new and sustainable method.